超市能源优化：为什么效率只是故事的一半

在许多国家 /地区，减少高峰电力需求现在是大幅度降低超市能源费用的最快方法。

Energy tariff structures vary around the world. But everywhere, power grids experience moments of peak demand which threaten safety and reliability. At other times there’s excess supply.

For a large energy user like a supermarket chain, this has several key impacts. Often, the price per unit a store pays will be influenced by its highest energy demand - even if this was only for a few minutes. Retailers who manage this one moment better can achieve a significant, year-round savings.

Reducing the peak demand level can also bring savings into a store’s own energy infrastructure. For example, downsizing the transformer will have a noticeable impact on initial installation costs.

And that’s only the start. As grids use more renewable energy, their need to balance excess demand and supply grows. In many countries, utility companies offer financial bonuses to customers who temporarily reduce their energy consumption to help manage short-term "demand response” events.

例如，北美的巨型鹰超市连锁店现在使用峰值剃须和需求响应来实现大量的降低能量关税。

Other companies shift energy prices by time of day. Prices at peak times can be up to 500% higher than when demand is lower.

Food retailers - especially those who run their own renewable energy or have a chain of stores - are well placed to make significant tariff savings, over and above the strong business case for renewable generation itself. But to maximize this, they need to make changes to their refrigeration arrangements.

每个超市技术团队都需要一个计划来应对电动汽车（EV）充电 - 因为如果您的商店尚未提供此服务，则很快就需要。

Wherever you are, most cars will soon be electric-powered. Bloomberg predicts 57% of all new cars worldwide will be electric by 2040 - and in places like Europe, the transition is happening far more quickly.

为了满足这一需求，欧盟关于建筑物的能源绩效的指令迫使会员国为任何具有20多个停车位的非住宅建筑物设置法定最低数量的EV充电点。

同时，几个主要的超市连锁店已经为客户提供免费的电动汽车充电，以获得竞争优势。

This is a commercial opportunity, but for a chain’s energy manager, it poses a problem. Depending on the type of vehicle and charging station, too many EVs charging at once could temporarily double the store’s energy use - setting an artificially high peak and inflating its energy price.

Thankfully, supermarkets are especially well-placed to reduce peak loads and respond to demand events, and energy managers have several good options. A growing number are generating their own renewable energy by using battery banks to store excess energy for when it can be used most profitably.

然而，直到最近，超级市场一直在努力动态优化自己的能耗模式。商店的能量中最多可以用于制冷，因此，如果无法更改，则只能节省少量。诸如LED之类的高效技术 - 同时可以节省功率 - 也意味着使用照明系统影响需求的机会更少。

是时候我们改变了。在丹福斯（Danfoss），我们在食品冷藏中的历史悠久，这意味着我们永远不会损害食品质量。而且，当制冷系统使用能量时，我们找到了几种调整方法，同时始终保持温度在安全的限制内。

The simplest way to optimize energy consumption is to ensure that any energy-intensive maintenance - like defrosting and rail heating - is carried out away from peak energy times.

这给出了立即但相对较小的改进。对于更大的结果，您也可以使用系统，例如电池，有效地存储或借用冷却能力。

例如，一家期望能源需求达到高峰的超市可以降低其冰箱温度，而能量便宜，然后暂时关闭压缩机，直到峰通过。这也是提前准备需求响应事件的好方法。

相反，在需求高峰时，可以将制冷压缩机功率降低30％。然后，必须更加强度地运行系统，以补偿并确保温度保持在安全的限制范围内。

这些方法似乎是违反直觉的，因为以这种方式运行制冷系统将利用更多的能量。这就是所谓的“反弹效应”。但是使用得当，单价节省通常远远超过了使用的增加 - 平衡需求是低碳发电的重要组成部分，因此该方法在环境上也是如此。

Renewable energy sources are increasingly important, but they can be unpredictable. Tomorrow’s energy market will therefore need more than just energy efficiency; it will need far more flexibility to match changing supply and demand.

Supermarkets are ideally placed to benefit from this. Between them, food retail chains consume a great deal of energy, so they can take a prominent role in the community and ensure flexibility within the local grid.

可再生能源生成尤其如此：较大的屋顶空间为太阳能照相伏特板创造了机会 - 而超市的能源需求曲线整齐地匹配了太阳能生成最有生产力的时代。

例如，德国奥尔登堡的Aktiv＆Irma超市现在收集并存储自己的可再生电力。它使用Danfoss AK-SM 800系统管理器和我们姊妹公司SMA太阳能技术的Ennexos单元，以与能源网格建立智能的双向连接。