Whitepapers

  • 如今,世界上约有10%的电力生产用于空调。根据国际研究,在未来几年中,对商业和住宅建筑的冷却需求将成倍增长,尤其是在印度,中国和南美的高收入国家和新兴经济体中。
  • 区域供暖变电站中电动阀的阀特性
    The present paper describes the results from an investigation carried out in connection with the development of a new valve characteristic for motorized control valves for hot water service in district heating (DH) substations. From a theoretical point of view, the paper discusses basic control theories and physical relationships of crucial importance to this application, including the decisively important relationships between heat exchanger, controller, motor (actuator) and control valve. In addition to the theoretical analysis, the investigation is supported by dynamic simulations and results from laboratory experiments. The result of the investigation was the development of a new valve characteristic as described in this paper.
  • 本文涉及控制热水服务高性能热交换器的控制。从理论的角度分析了一些基本控制理论及其果断的重要关系。描述了一个新开发的控制,将设计中的各个元素置于控制理论的视角中。
  • Distribution systems in apartment buildings
    In an apartment building, the two main principal heat and domestic hot water (DHW) distribution methods are the riser pipe system and the decentralized system with flat stations. In the first case, the DHW system heat losses may be bigger than the net heat for preparing the DHW.
  • DH房屋站的动态模拟
    Danfoss开发了开发HVAC组件的仿真模型,包括该公司为中央和地区供暖系统生产的控制设备。在本文中给出了一些示例。举办了模拟的家庭热水服务站的例子。
  • 如何避免区域供暖系统中的压力振荡
    本文解释了与振荡相关的差压力控制器的性质。提出了一些用于消除或减压压力振荡的手术提示。得益于差异压力控制领域的应用知识,现在可以解决已经存在的应用程序中的压力振荡问题,并就新应用的正确设计提供具体建议,以消除压力振荡的风险。阅读完整的纸张以了解更多信息。
  • 关于平板电台概念的分析 
    In some countries the flat station concept is becoming a common way of realizing heating and domestic hot water (DHW) installation in blocks of flats. Anyhow, in other countries it is at the very beginning. Experience from those countries reveal a number of questions when understanding and evaluating the flat station concept.
  • multi-family residential
    This whitepaper is intended to support heating professionals with creating complaint free and energy efficient two-pipe radiator heating systems in (multi-family residential) buildings. The guidelines are relevant for retrofit, renovation as well as new construction situations.
  • 自动调节:家庭热水服务控制器的自适应设置。电动机保护:在低性能过程中自动设置控制器。功能良好的加热系统的前提是,在使用之前,要对其进行正确的设置。必须进行调整以预设调节参数。本文介绍了执行系统控制参数的自动设置以及这给出的优势的方式。
  • The parallel installation of two valves with different dimensions allows a wide positioning range also for controllers without auxiliary energy. So, high control stability for the low and partial load range can be assured. These ‘pilot controlled control units’ consist of a main valve, a
  • This article describes the basic functionality of four control concepts, a thermostatic controller, a proportional controller and a parallel and serial coupling of those. The focus is on plate heat exchanger control, and the investigation is based on dynamic simulations, i.e. on models verified up against practical measurements.
  • 通常在系统中建立液压平衡是将差压力控制到经营变电站所必需的水平,从而控制各个分支中的流量的问题。控制系统中的差压力和流量可能对客户和公用事业有优势。
  • 在HVAC系统以及过程工厂,地区供暖和地区冷却公用事业中,可能会发生控制环的定期振荡。它有几个原因。该过程的非线性,控制器的过度扩增和超大系统只是很少的原因。
  • 区域供暖在未来的智能能源基础设施中的作用进行了很好的讨论,但其对应者的冷却功能也可以发挥重要作用。地区冷却是一种集中式解决方案,可为建筑物提供具有成本效率和环境友好的冷却。在考虑地区冷却时,通常会认为这是温暖气候的解决方案。
  • 鉴于对未来的能源效率提高和利用可再生能源利用的持续要求,这是与地热热源和低温区供暖(DH)系统的组合的关注相关的,这也被称为第四代DH。
  • 当利用低温区域供暖时,在消费者端获得良好的控制以满足所需的供应冷却变得重要。因此,低供应温度并不是恒温散热器控制的大问题。当涉及到家用热水时,低供应温度可能会导致军团菌生长的挑战。
  • 区供暖(DH)留在这里。回顾DH的历史,几年前。在几年的时间里。该开发已分为4代,每个人都表明该技术的重大变化。
  • 区供暖(DH)留在这里。回顾DH的历史,几年前。During the years it has developed to fulfill the demands as they came up, typically driven by the demand for reduced investment and heat costs, but also lower equipment space demands, concerns of energy efficiency and lower fire risks.
  • 区供暖(DH)留在这里。回顾DH的历史,几年前。During the years it has developed to fulfill the demands as they came up, typically driven by the demand for reduced investment and heat costs, but also lower equipment space demands, concerns of energy efficiency and lower fire risks.
  • It is a fact there is abundance of low-temperature renewable energy sources that are waiting to be utilized. The limiting factor for taking advantage of those heat sources has historically been the temperature requirements of space heating installations. With the increased number of low-energy buildings and floor heating installations the requirements to the supply temperature has been decreasing, which opens up the possibilities for exploiting the unused low-temperature energy sources.